Titlebook: Applied Polymer Science; Ulf W. Gedde,Mikael S. Hedenqvist,Oisik Das Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under excl

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Simulation and Modelling of Polymers,eas others are better modelled with macroscopic methods. Multiscale modelling combines simulation methods on different time and length scales. The aim of this chapter is to provide a brief overview of the simulation techniques used in material science.

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Book 2021ntal methods, simulation and modelling, mechanical and transport properties, processing, and sustainability issues. Separate chapters are devoted to thermal analysis, microscopy, spectroscopy, scattering methods, and chromatography. Special problems and pitfalls related to the study of polymers are

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Peter A. Coclanis,Mart A. Stewartcopy methods. Later developments led to electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, both of which are in fact families, each comprising a range of different techniques. Let us begin with a historical background describing the development of the different microscopy techniques and also telling about the inventors and when it happened.

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Thermal Analysis of Polymers,enamed in 1992 as the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, ICTAC) and later reaffirmed in 1998 (Hemminger 1998; Hemminger and Sarge 1998), . includes the analytical methods by which a physical property of a substance is measured as a function of temperature while the sub

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Microscopy of Polymers,gnification of morphological structures to make details visible. Initially, it was confined to optical or light microscopy (synonymous terms). Optical microscopy soon developed into several different techniques. Modern optical microscopes are capable of performing a range of different optical micros

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Spectroscopy and Scattering of Radiation by Polymers,ting of a variety of individual methods, and the objectives and the outcomes of the studies based on these methods are also diversified. The main spectroscopic methods include vibrational spectroscopy (infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and a number