Titlebook: Applications of Biotechnology in Oncology; Kewal K. Jain Book 2014 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Anticancer agents.Cancer

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Sequencing in Cancer, determining the exact order of the three billion nucleotide bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine—that make up the DNA of the 23 pairs of human chromosomes. In de novo sequencing, short DNA fragments purified from individual bacterial colonies are individually sequenced and assembled electr

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Biomarkers of Cancer, pharmacological response to a therapeutic intervention. In case of cancer, biomarkers are referred to as cancer biomarkers. Any specific molecular alteration of a cell on DNA, RNA, metabolite, or protein level can be referred to as a molecular biomarker. In the era of molecular biology, biomarkers

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Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer,ll surfaces, compromising their function. MAbs may also be used to recruit the cellular arm of the immune system, planting a homing beacon on the transformed cell. MAbs, although produced in the laboratory, mimic the antibodies naturally produced by the body as part of immune system’s response to di

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Nanooncology,anometer-length scale, i.e., at the level of atoms, molecules, and supramolecular structures. Nanotechnology, as defined by the National Nanotechnology Initiative (.), is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1–100 nm, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Enco

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Cell Therapy of Cancer, treated or altered outside the body (ex vivo). The scope of cell therapy can be broadened to include methods, pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological, to modify the function of intrinsic cells of the body in vivo for therapeutic purposes. The aim of cell therapy is to replace, repair, or enh

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Gene Therapy of Cancer,tering a particular disease state (Jain 1998). It has three components: (1) identification of the gene that is mutated in a disease and obtaining a healthy copy of that gene, (2) carrier or delivery vehicle called vectors to deliver the healthy gene to a patient’s cells, and (3) additional DNA eleme