Titlebook: Application of Biomaterials in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases; Yi-Da Tang,Jing Yang,Yong Zeng Book 2024 The Editor(s) (if applic

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Arsalan H. Khan,Zeashan H. Khan,Zhang Weiguovealed a booming era in the therapy of bradyarrhythmias, tachyarrhythmias, as well as heart failure. In this chapter, we will give a general overview of the principle and advances of cardiac pacemaker and defibrillator.

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Occlusion Devices for Cardiovascular Disease,efect, the patent foramen ovale, the ventricular septal defect, the patent ductus arteriosus, and the left atrial appendage occlusion, are examined critically. In this chapter, we will give a general overview of the occlusion devices of the above five cardiovascular diseases.

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Future Challenges and Perspective,ilable include IVUS, OCT, and NIRS, with different methods having their own characteristics and application scenarios. Future research directions include clearer and faster image acquisition, integration of multiple techniques, and artificial intelligence interpretation.

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