| 期刊全称 | Analysing Health Communication | | 期刊简称 | Discourse Approaches | | 影响因子2023 | Gavin Brookes,Daniel Hunt | | 视频video | http://file.papertrans.cn/157/156013/156013.mp4 | | 发行地址 | Introduces a combination of established and emerging approaches to health discourse, offering the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of how discourse analysis has been applied in this area.Ill | | 图书封面 |  | | 影响因子 | .This edited book showcases original research in the study of healthcare and health communication, while also providing a detailed overview of contemporary methods of discourse analysis. Discourse approaches remain under-represented in the field of health communication, despite their potential for affording detailed understanding of health-related text and talk across an array of contexts, for example in face-to-face and digital healthcare encounters, health promotion, and patients’ accounts of illness experiences. This book aims to address this gap in the literature by offering the first book-length treatment of different approaches to discourse analysis in health(care) and illness contexts, and it will appeal both to linguists and to researchers in nursing and health sciences, sociology and anthropology.. | | Pindex | Book 2021 |
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Front Matter |
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Abstract
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,Discourse and Health Communication, |
Gavin Brookes,Daniel Hunt |
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Abstract
The aim of this book is to explore some of the ways in which discourse can be studied in contexts of communication about health and illness. At first, attempting to understand health and illness by studying communication may seem curious; pain, illness, and psychological distress as well as new-found vitality and physical ability can all feel like they are experienced in a primal, corporeal way that is pre-linguistic. In short, our bodies ail and heal regardless of the language we use. Alternatively, we might think that the actions that have the most profound effects upon our health are those carried out wordlessly by clinical technologies—stethoscopes, scanners, scalpels—and the chemical compounds that make up medications. Nevertheless, rendering our bodily experiences meaningful to ourselves and discussing them with friends and family members, recounting them to health professionals, organising healthcare systems, performing surgical operations, saving and improving lives, and shaping health behaviours among the public all depend upon acts of situated communication about health and illness. To put this another way, they all involve health discourse.
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,Conversation Analysis: Questioning Patients About Prior Self-Treatment, |
Rebecca K. Barnes,Iris Z. van der Scheer |
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Abstract
Conversation Analysis (CA hereafter) is a method for analysing communication whose foundations lie in the work of sociologists Harvey Sacks, Emanuel Schegloff and Gail Jefferson. A CA approach offers both theory and method. Its theoretical concern is with identifying and characterising the ‘machinery’ (Sacks 1984: 27) underlying talk and social relations. Its methodological principles involve making and working with recordings of conversations—‘details of actual occurrences’—rather than using interview methods or direct observation where researchers have ‘an active and ongoing part in soliciting reports’ or are present and taking notes ‘as the observed activity unfolds’ (Potter and Shaw 2018: 189). In CA, talk is therefore treated as the topic rather than an ‘unanalysed and unexplicated methodological resource’, for research (Jefferson and Lee 1980: iii). Recordings are transcribed in preparation for analysis using standard conventions developed by Jefferson (2004) that require close attention to both what was said and how it was said.
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,Interactional Sociolinguistics: Tracking Patient-Initiated Questions Across an Episode of Care, |
Maria Stubbe,Kevin Dew,Lindsay Macdonald,Anthony Dowell |
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Abstract
Even the most cursory search of the literature on language and communication in healthcare reveals a plethora of published research in the field. However, this body of work has historically been located in different disciplinary siloes and draws on very different research traditions and methodologies, often with little in the way of mutual interaction between them (Sarangi, Editorial: Towards a communicative mentality in medical and healthcare practice. .(1), 1–11, 2004). Most studies on communication within clinical and health sciences still rely heavily on reported data from interviews and surveys, or on high-level coding of consultation structure and content, and aim to answer practical questions about how provider-patient communication influences health outcomes. By contrast, studies based in humanities and social sciences fields such as linguistics and medical sociology are more likely to have a descriptive or theoretical lens on direct observation and/or critical analysis of institutional structures and processes, even when they are framed as applied research. This can make such work less accessible to professional and other clinical audiences, and even where this is not the
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,Narrative Analysis: DNA Testing and Collaborative Knowledge-Building in a CFS/ME Forum, |
Michael Arribas-Ayllon |
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Abstract
In the human and social sciences, the study of narrative has occupied a central place in understanding health and illness. Indeed, narrative has become something of a privileged medium for accessing the subjective experience of illness as ‘sickness and suffering’ (Brody, .. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988), ‘biographical disruption’ (Bury, Chronic illness as biographical disruption. .(2), 167–182, 1982), ‘narrative reconstruction’ (Williams, The genesis of chronic illness: Narrative re-construction. .(2), 175–200, 1984) and the ‘call for stories’ (Frank, .. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995). Narrative is thought to be an intrinsic mode of expression with transformative properties, offering its informants the opportunity to claim an identity and portray their lives authentically. In the domain of healthcare, narratives are also specific institutional activities that reflect the symbolic and rhetorical work of accomplishing medical knowledge (Bosk, .. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979; Hunter, .. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991; Atkinson, Qualitative research—Unity and diversity. .(3), Art. 26, 1995). More recently, ‘narrative competence’ has
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,Discursive Psychology: A Discursive Approach to Identity Work in Online Illness Talk, |
Joyce Lamerichs |
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Abstract
This chapter sets out to demonstrate what the perspective of discursive psychology entails and attempts to show how the approach is particularly well-suited to the analysis of online health communication in two environments: online support groups and illness blogs. As a demonstration of analysis, a case study will be presented that is part of current research on illness blogs, focusing on blogs of people who have had ileostomy surgery. The analysis will show how individuals with an ostomy bag account for their decision to undergo ileostomy surgery and present themselves as a ‘new normal’ (Lamerichs and Van Hooijdonk 2019). Throughout this chapter, all sites of online interaction will be referred to as ‘illness talk’.
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,Corpus Linguistics: Examining Tensions in General Practitioners’ Views About Diagnosing and Treatin |
Daniel Hunt |
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Abstract
The organisation, delivery and evaluation of healthcare services produces an incalculably huge volume of potential data for discourse analysts. Indeed, much of the business of healthcare consists of spoken interactional routines such as ward rounds, diagnostic history-taking and general practice consultations, as well as the written traces of these practices in the form of patient records, case notes and letters. Beyond the clinic, peer support messages posted every minute to online support groups and social media platforms around the globe generate unprecedented amounts of potential data about patients’ experiences of health and illness and practices of support. At the time this chapter was finalised in early 2020, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 had reached pandemic proportions across the world, resulting in an unprecedented volume of health information being disseminated through global media. However, a researcher faced with millions of words transcribed from primary care consultations (Skelton and Hobbs 1999a) or collected from online support groups (McDonald and Woodward-Kron 2016) may feel that they have more data than they know what to do with. Likewise, scholars wishing to underst
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,Poststructuralist Discourse Analysis: Investigating Representations of Knowledge and Knowledge-Rela |
Antoinette Fage-Butler |
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Abstract
Poststructuralist discourse analysis (PDA) that draws on Foucauldian discourse theory enables researchers to analyse cultural aspects of health communication, as it makes it possible to identify the discourses and subject positions available to and used by those who communicate about health-related topics. This chapter presents and illustrates the methods of statement function analysis to analyse discourses, and subject position analysis to analyse the identities associated with discursive statements, using data from an online forum where HPV vaccination was debated. The findings show that constructing the basis for knowing is central in the posts, with the diverging perspectives legitimized in various ways. The chapter ends with a discussion of the usefulness of employing poststructuralist discourse analysis to map out broader cultural meanings in health communication texts when values are at the heart of the matter.
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,Discursive Ethnography: Understanding Psychiatric Discourses and Patient Positions Through Fieldwor |
Agnes Ringer,Mari Holen |
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Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss a methodology for studying health communication, which we call .. Such an approach combines a discursive perspective on language as productive and co-constituent of reality with an ethnographic lens for the contextual, material and spatial dimensions of the world. The discursive perspective we draw on regards language not just as a neutral or ‘innocent’ medium of information sharing. Rather, language and communication are seen as practices, which imply, and are embedded in, specific relations of power (Foucault .). While the focus on language is important in understanding health communication, health settings consist of more than language and communication. Hospitals and clinics are physical spaces with institutional norms guarding patient and professional conduct (Holen 2011; Ringer 2013). They are material environments in which objects and bodies exist and interact; places filled with technical equipment, machines, pills, scales, charts, televisions, whiteboards and hospital beds. They are places in which people live and die, where bodies heal or turn out to be irreversibly broken, where despair and hope live. The material environment, objects and bodi
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,Critical Discourse Studies: Mad, Bad or Nuisance? Discursive Constructions of Detained Patients in |
Dariusz Galasiński,Justyna Ziółkowska |
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Abstract
In this chapter, we examine discursive constructions of detained patients and their relationships with the nursing staff using notes written by nurses. Our study is anchored within Critical Discourse Studies (CDS), still often referred to as Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), an interdisciplinary approach to the study of discourse as a form of social practice (Fairclough 1989, 1992). CDS is concerned with the role of language and discourse in shaping society (Krzyżanowski 2010). Van Dijk (2015) argues that CDS is a discourse study with an attitude and discourse analysts’ aim to understand, expose and—in consequence—challenge social inequality (van Dijk 2015). Critique in CDS can be understood as both normative, as CDS is concerned with evaluating the extra-linguistic realities, and explanatory, as it also looks for explanations of what is revealed (Fairclough 2012).
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,Multimodality: Examining Visual Representations of Dementia in Public Health Discourse, |
Gavin Brookes,Emma Putland,Kevin Harvey |
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Abstract
The approaches to discourse introduced so far in this book are all best suited to the analysis of language and therefore to texts that contain just, or primarily, this mode of communication. This monomodal perspective has undoubtedly proved fruitful for analyses of texts in which language is the primary (or only) communicative mode, such as patient records and transcripts of healthcare interactions. However, most genres of contemporary communication, including websites, print media, advertising and public health information, convey health-related discourses (i.e. attitudes, ideas, assumptions and values to do with health) in decidedly multimodal ways. That is to say, such texts often make use of not just language but a combination of semiotic resources which include (but are not limited to) visual images, fonts, layouts, colours, sounds, gestures and even textures (Machin and van Leeuwen 2007). In this chapter, we introduce multimodality as a range of perspectives on discourse analysis which are all broadly concerned with studying the ways in which these and other semiotic resources work together to create meaning within texts (Kress 2010). We will argue that analyses of health-rel
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,Pragmatics: Leadership and Team Communication in Emergency Medicine Training, |
Sarah Atkins,Małgorzata Chałupnik |
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Abstract
This volume showcases a number of analytic approaches that have contributed to the richly inter-disciplinary study of communication in healthcare. Few are broader, perhaps, than the approach of ‘pragmatics’, which encompasses a number of theories and frameworks under an overarching principle of understanding language and meaning in its context of use. This chapter addresses how some pragmatic theories have been applied to the study of healthcare communication, focusing in particular on achieving tasks through spoken interaction in medical contexts.
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,Cognitive Approaches to Discourse Analysis: Applying Conceptual Blending Theory to Understandings o |
Olivia Knapton,Alice Power,Gabriella Rundblad |
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Abstract
Cognitive approaches to discourse analysis examine the relationships between language, conceptual structure and the social contexts of language use. In this chapter, we use conceptual blending theory (BT) to investigate public knowledge and conceptualisations of the ways in which communicable diseases can be spread. The data come from three focus groups held in the UK with members of the general public. As part of the focus groups, participants were given two sets of cards: one with the names of 5 diseases (measles, typhoid, Ebola, hepatitis and flu) and one depicting 11 different transmission routes (e.g. touching surfaces, contaminated water). The participants were asked to match the transmission routes to the diseases. We analysed the discussions using BT to track real-time reasoning as the focus group conversations progressed. The focus group discussions revealed uncertainties around the ways in which the named diseases are spread and inaccurate understandings of the differences between certain transmission routes (e.g. kissing and sneezing). We argue that, when discussing specific diseases, the participants created generic spaces of disease knowledge in which many transmissio
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,Stylistics: Mind Style in an Autobiographical Account of Schizophrenia, |
Zsófia Demjén,Elena Semino |
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Abstract
In this chapter, we explore the experience of what can be labelled ‘schizophrenia‘ and ‘auditory verbal hallucinations‘ in the published autobiographical narrative Henry’s Demons (Cockburn and Cockburn .) through the stylistic concept of ‘mind style’. Mind style is the linguistic reflection of a cognitive state through distinctive textual patterns (Fowler 1977; Leech & Short 2007). We focus in particular on patterns of pronoun use, narrative style, visual focus and the presence/absence of the representation of one‘s own and others‘ minds. We link these stylistic patterns to theory of mind and speech and thought organisation, both of which play an important role in medical understandings of schizophrenia. In this way, we show how a stylistics approach can add nuance and pose challenges to existing descriptions of and diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia.
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Back Matter |
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Abstract
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