Titlebook: Analyzing Ecological Data; Alain F. Zuur,Elena N. Ieno,Graham M. Smith Book 2007 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under ex

Thrombolysis

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-56548-3ndscape or region is divided into sub-areas (Cressie 1993). The sub-areas can also be called cells, units or locations. None of the sub-areas can intersect each other, but each shares a boundary edge with one or more of the other sub-areas. An example of a lattice is shown in Figure 18.1. A . lattic

歌剧等

Overstate

Introduction, in the field possibly best described as the ‘environmental sciences’. The required background for these courses, and therefore this book, is some level of ‘familiarity with basic statistics’. This is a very loose phrase, but you should feel reasonably comfortable with concepts such as normal distri

Admire

Advice for teachers,oo many statistical techniques in one course. When we started teaching statistics we tried to teach univariate, multivariate and time series methods in five days to between 8 and 100 biologists and environmental scientists. We did this in the form of in-house courses, open courses and university cou

Intruder

Linear regression,esence of outliers, and assess the need for data transformations. We also discussed more complex methods (coplot, lattice graphs, seatterplot, pairplots, conditional box-plots, conditional histograms) that helped to see the relationships between a single response variable and more than one explanato

cushion

Additive and generalised additive modelling,ure 7.1 shows a scatterplot for two variables of the RIKZ data: species richness and grain size. See Chapter 27 for details on these data. A first look at the graph suggests there is a non-linear relationship between richness and grain size. Sites with large grain sizes seem to have a fairly constan

antedate

Introduction to mixed modelling, used when the data have some sort of hierarchical form such as in longitudinal or panel data, repeated measures, time series and blocked experiments, which can have both fixed and random coefficients together with multiple error terms. It can be an extremely useful tool, but is potentially difficul

证实

Univariate tree models,e (Chambers and Hastie 1992; De’Ath and Fabricus 2000; Fox 2000; Venables and Ripley 2002; Maindonald and Braun 2003). Classification trees are used for the analysis of a nominal response variable, and regression trees for a continuous response variable. Both types of tree models deal better with no

Finasteride

,Ordination — First encounter,, we suggest you may want to go straight to Chapter 12, as the method we use here, Bray-Curtis ordination, is rarely used. However, it is an excellent tool to explain the underlying idea of ordination.