Titlebook: African Ungulates; A Comparative Review Walter Leuthold Book 1977 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1977 Afrika /Biologie.Huftiere.Verhalte

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-703-9 Etkin, 1964), is that its members show a certain, albeit variable, degree of cohesion, and coordination of activities, as well as instances of cooperation. Voluntary cohesion is evident primarily in interindividual spacing patterns, which will be reviewed later (Chap. 15, B). For the moment, let us

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The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series., Schomber, 1966). The main difficulty in defining leadership is to delimitate the circumstances under which true leadership is evident. For instance, we have seen that an individual changing from one activity phase into another may induce other group members to follow suit (social facilitation). D

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The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Seriesult males sometimes represent a real danger to small young, e. g., in the hippopotamus (Verheyen, 1954). In the few cases where the adult male occasionally defends the young against predators (e. g., in zebra), this behavior can be better explained in terms of social organization in general than in

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African Habitatsn, the variety of habitats is linked to the fact that Africa extends over about 60° latitude, almost equally far north as south of the equator, and consequently over a number of different climatic zones. The latitudinal spread is matched by the altitudinal one, ranging from sea level to almost 6,000 m above sea level (Mt. Kilimanjaro).

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Individual Recognitioncognize individual conspecifics. In many situations, it appears obvious to the human observer that certain animals know each other individually. This is, however, difficult to prove, and often one can do no better than to make inferences from circumstantial evidence only.