Titlebook: Africa in Transformation; Economic Development Carlos Lopes Book 2019 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 Agriculture.Agri

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Understanding Policy Space,back in and to reinvigorate planning as well as give nuance to the more simplistic liberalisation precepts. Somehow, growth returned and, with it, claims about whose success it was. The debate about a return to Keynesian approaches emerged, generating policy space for revisiting Africa’s experience with structural adjustment programmes.

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Structural Transformation Through Industrialisation,trade in the face of natural resource abundance demands that more focus be given to value addition across all production processes and nodes. Africa must prioritise industrialisation to speed up the development of various value-addition activities.

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Inserting Agency in the Relations with China,There is a need to recognise the complexity of this relationship and identify ways of reinserting African agency in Sino-African relations. Africa must make the best of its relations with the China, its number one trading partner and foreign direct investor.

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Roman Shizhenskii,Kaarina Aitamurtoir insertion in the economy. As a result, the percentage of the primary sector in general, and agriculture, for the gross domestic product (GDP) of almost all African countries has been diminishing considerably.

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Increasing Agricultural Productivity,ir insertion in the economy. As a result, the percentage of the primary sector in general, and agriculture, for the gross domestic product (GDP) of almost all African countries has been diminishing considerably.

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