Titlebook: A Political Economy of Free Zones in Gulf Arab States; Robert Mogielnicki Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under

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,Landwirtschaftliche Vergärungsanlagen,ven the Gulf’s foreign relations. Yet free zone development is an under-examined topic in the wider literature on the Gulf. Free zones reflect the past because they are products of long-run historical processes shaped by both economic and political institutions. At the same time, free zones offer a

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,Landwirtschaftliche Vergärungsanlagen,’s flagship free zone at Jebel Ali in the 1980s and 1990s occurred alongside the emergence of other free zones in the hydrocarbon-scarce northern emirates. The commercial success of Jebel Ali was not guaranteed, and Dubai had several political objectives for its first free zone. In the early 2000s,

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,Vergärung von Bio- und Restabfällen,s were no less important as policy mechanisms for regional governments. Free zones reflected the political and economic institutions of the host country and accomplished a wide range of objectives for governments. Resource-scarce countries or those with significant distributive responsibilities, suc

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Sicherheitsaspekte im Umgang mit Faulgas,onomic organizations, such as free zones, legitimized prevailing political structures in Gulf Arab states—especially in polities with fewer hydrocarbon resources. If ruling family members did not serve in free zones themselves, they often delegated development and management responsibilities to clos

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,Vergärung von Bio- und Restabfällen,tional arena. While there are instances of cooperative engagement among free zones in the Gulf, they also play a part in regional competition. This competition unfolds on multiple levels: through free zone development and associated spheres of economic autonomy, among free zones within a given emira

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,Landwirtschaftliche Vergärungsanlagen,Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Newer initiatives, such as China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), and more established socioeconomic relations, such as South Asian linkages to the Gulf region, are concurrently shaping and being shaped by free zone development and subsequent economic activities

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