Titlebook: W Tungsten; Supplement Volume A4 Gerhard Czack,Gerhard Kirschstein,Frank Stein,Wolf Book 19938th edition Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

盖他为秘密

Lime石灰

Electron Emission,rent density j of thermionic electrons emitted from a uniform surface at temperature T is described by the Richardson (-Laue-Dushman) eauation ., where Φ is the work function of the metal, A = A. · t, A. the Richardson constant (= 4π em.k./h. = 120 A · cm . 2 · K.), and t an average transmission coe

JECT

Field Evaporation,poration was obtained when a second tip was held over a tip subjected to a high field. The second tip showed craters which could have been produced only by accelerated ions and not by thermal atoms. The reduction of the first tip by the applied field, confirmed by electron and light microscopy, was

Commemorate

气候

Surface Free Energy. Surface Tension,ion in the literature in properly using γ and σ; for a more recent discussion of the difference between σ and γ, see [2 to 4]. According to Kumikov and Khokonov [5], cracking, zero-creep, and field emission microscopy (FEM) studies yield values for the surface tension equal to the surface free energ

使迷醉

Surface Self-Diffusion,s of diffusion coefficients. With more than one adatom on a plane at a time, interactions between adatoms occur, and binding energies may be deduced. Diffusion of single adatoms as well as of dimers and larger clusters was observed. In addition to FIM studies with atomic resolution, some effort was

抱负

Work Function,ters A (Richardson constant, see p. 132) and Φ (work function) determined by thermionic emission measurements are critically compared with the parameters derived from photoelectric studies and the Φ data from electron beam and contact potential (Kelvin) experiments [1]. Methods for measuring Φ (ther

缺陷

Electron Emission,rent density j of thermionic electrons emitted from a uniform surface at temperature T is described by the Richardson (-Laue-Dushman) eauation ., where Φ is the work function of the metal, A = A. · t, A. the Richardson constant (= 4π em.k./h. = 120 A · cm . 2 · K.), and t an average transmission coe

别名

Field Evaporation,poration was obtained when a second tip was held over a tip subjected to a high field. The second tip showed craters which could have been produced only by accelerated ions and not by thermal atoms. The reduction of the first tip by the applied field, confirmed by electron and light microscopy, was

概观

Gerhard Czack,Gerhard Kirschstein,Wolfgang Kurtz,Frank Steins Lösungsverfahren erfolgt geometrisch (s.S. 166–169 und [Juschkewitsch 1964, S. 206f.]). Weitere herausragende Beiträge zur Algebra stammen u. a. von Abū l-Wafā‘, Abū Kāmil und al-Karaǧī (S. 169–175).