Anticlimax
发表于 2025-3-25 05:21:47
A Thermodynamic Definition of EcosystemsAn ecosystem is a self-contained, self-regulating, self-organizing, interconnected, open thermodynamic network of component parts which evolves as a complex regime that combines stability and adaptability in the phase transition between order and chaos, through activities of plants, animals, fungi, and microbes.
小溪
发表于 2025-3-25 10:24:29
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hysterectomy
发表于 2025-3-25 13:01:01
PanarchyPanarchy theory says that all systems including political, economic, social and ecological go through a four-stage cycle of growth, consolidation, collapse, and reorganization. The cycle is driven by sub-systems exerting bottom-up control while adapting to top-down control resulting from thermodynamic laws and principles.
世俗
发表于 2025-3-25 15:55:38
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invulnerable
发表于 2025-3-25 22:46:22
What Has Thermodynamics Taught Us About Conservation?Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformations. It has implications for conservation in that the flow of energy through ecosystems involves a series of energy transformations through feedback cycles that include endangered species. Conservation of species requires preservation of these cycles.
雪崩
发表于 2025-3-26 01:58:00
John A. List,Daniel L. Millimetlow through their populations. Due to their response, energy flow through ecosystems changes. This changes energy flow back to species, so species must readjust to the continually changing flow of energy. Feedback occurs simultaneously and reciprocally between species and ecosystems.
scrutiny
发表于 2025-3-26 05:41:45
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opalescence
发表于 2025-3-26 10:23:37
What About Wastes and How to Reuse Themradigms. No one has actually seen an economy. Nevertheless the concept of an economy has proven useful in organizing human interactions. The concept of an ecosystem is useful in understanding evolution.
五行打油诗
发表于 2025-3-26 13:09:38
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是剥皮
发表于 2025-3-26 17:07:55
Ecosystem Stability these regular, predictable changes. The extremes to which energy flow can deviate above and below the long-term average without causing instability are a system’s “bounded limits”. Perturbations that cause energy flow to exceed bounded limits cause instability.