Titlebook: Surgery of the Cranio-Vertebral Junction; Enrico Tessitore,Amir R. Dehdashti,Claudius Thomé Book 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

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Endoscopic Transnasal Approachrvical segments, namely the atlas and the axis. It covers and protects the caudal brainstem and rostral spinal cord. CVJ is the most mobile region of the cervical spine, as it permits complex movements providing stability without compromising the traversing neurovascular elements..Historically, diff

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Odontoid Screw Fixation and Anterior C1-C2 Fixation Techniquesmobilization or posterior bone graft plus the wiring standard techniques (Gallie and Brooks-Jenkins method). On the other hand, transoral approaches were rarely considered as optional, due to the high complication rate. During the last two decades, better understanding of the anatomy and biomechanic

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Atlanto-Axial Fixation Techniques articular surfaces, several crucial ligaments, and the vertebral artery that course along and within these bones. This chapter focuses on fixation techniques in the atlanto-axial region of the spine, which is a complex area that entails unique articular surfaces, ligaments that are specific to the

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Far Lateral Transcondylar Transtubercular Approachtebral arteries and lower cranial nerves. The far lateral approach was designed to maximize lateral viewing exposure to the craniovertebral junction and foramen magnum while obviating the need for brain retraction and reducing the chance of damage to neighboring neurovascular structures. At its core

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Anterolateral and Extreme Lateral Approachesterior direction. In addition to the cervical vertebrae, including C1 and C2 that are seen from a lateral perspective, the ALA allows exposure of the lower clivus and jugular foramen from below. Detailed knowledge of the 3D surgical anatomy, especially of the vertebral artery, is paramount for safe

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