Titlebook: Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursters; Kurt W. Weiler Book 2003 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2003 Cosmology.gamma-ray bursts.standard can

Celiac-Plexus

Classification of Supernovaemplications briefly addressed. Differences between the homogeneous thermonuclear type Ia and similarities among the heterogeneous core-collapse type Ib, Ic and II are highlighted. Transforming type IIb, narrow line type IIn, supernovae associated with GRBs and few peculiar objects are also discussed

synovial-joint

Optical Spectra of Supernovae For some supernovae the circumstellar matter is also probed by the observed spectra. Some of this information can be inferred directly from the observed line profiles and fluxes but, because of the Doppler broadening and severe line blending, interpretation often involves the use of .. The emphasis

fodlder

红润

X-Ray Supernovaeers such as the circumstellar matter density, mass-loss rate of the progenitor, and temperature of the outgoing and reverse shocks can be derived as a function of time. Despite intensive search over the last ∼ 25 years, only 15 supernovae have been detected in X-rays. We review the individual X-ray

Insubordinate

Ultraviolet Supernovaeof their ultraviolet properties. Special emphasis is placed on the results obtained for SN1987A in more than fifteen years of assiduous monitoring with both . and .. It is shown that ultraviolet data have led to the clarification of a number of crucial issues such as the nature of the progenitor and

Crohns-disease

向外供接触

Picks-Disease

神秘

SN1998bw and Hypernovaehter than other radio bright type Ib/c supernovae in radio bands. The extremely broad features in the optical spectra indicate high velocities of ejected matter ∼ 3 × 10. km s. which, combined with the breadth of light curves, lead to an estimated kinetic energy of explosion of ∼ 2−5×10. erg under t

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