Titlebook: Sinkholes and Subsidence; Karst and Cavernous Tony Waltham,Fred G. Bell,Martin G. Culshaw Book 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005

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Rock failure in collapse and caprock sinkholes, failure in an outcrop of insoluble rock creates a caprock sinkhole. Both these forms of sinkhole involve failure and collapse of bedrock, and are therefore distinct from the subsidence sinkholes where soil cover is flushed into stable rock fissures (Chapter 4).

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Sinkholes in insoluble rocks,phology also have been described in other rocks, notably sandstone and loess, where drainage has passed through conduit-type voids or pipes. All these features of pseudokarst, and many other more obscure landforms, differ from those in true karst by having been formed by processes other than dissolution (Halliday, 2004b).

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Rock failure under imposed load over caves,ineering activity in karst are subsidence sinkholes that develop entirely within the soil profile (Chapter 8). Induced rock collapse may be rare, but events can be catastrophic and should be avoided by appropriate engineering design.

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