Titlebook: Single-Channel Recording; Bert Sakmann,Erwin Neher Book 1995Latest edition Springer Science+Business Media New York 1995 cells.channel.ima

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Electrophysiological Recordings from , Oocytes activate and inactivate, how does it sense changes in the electric field, and how is the channel regulated? Our understanding of these fundamental processes has been severely hampered by the lack of a suitable experimental model system. Most cells simultaneously express a plethora of different chan

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Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of Ion Channel Expression in Single Neurons of Brain Slices the complexity of many protein classes. Molecular cloning revealed the presence of a large number of different protein families in the CNS, each comprising several members. Ligand-gated ion channels may serve as an example to illustrate this point (for review, see Unwin, 1993). Heterologous express

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Force Microscopy on Membrane Patchesrange, down to the size of single atoms, developed after the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (Binnig .., 1982). These microscopes represent not only new types of imaging instruments, hence the term “microscopes,” but, more importantly, a new technology called scanning probe techniques

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Fast Application of Agonists to Isolated Membrane Patchescentration in the synaptic cleft reaching the postsynaptic receptors, and in some cases even the identity of the transmitter is unknown. These questions may be addressed by modeling of release and diffusion. Such a theoretical approach, however, is based on several assumptions, some of which lack experimental evidence.

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Technical Approaches to Studying Specific Properties of Ion Channels in Plantss represent the fastest responses to environmental signals that have been recognized in plants (Hill and Findlay, 1981; Schroeder and Hedrich, 1989; Assmann, 1993; Jones, 1994). They are, however, still slow compared to their animal counterparts.

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