Titlebook: Selective Toxicity; The physico-chemical Adrien Albert Book 1981Latest edition Adrien Albert 1981 research.therapy.toxicity

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Ionizationave no proton to lose, and the nitrogen atom cannot exceed a covalence of 4. However, most biologically active substances are . acids or bases, and hence the extent to which they are ionized is highly dependent on pH. Among such substances, the ionization constants (and hence the degree of ionizatio

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The covalent bond in selective toxicityy covalent bonds which are of a more durable character (see Section 8.0). Covalent bonds involving carbon can be broken by great heat and also by powerful chemicals, but few can be ruptured by mild reagents at temperatures compatible with life.

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Steric factorss other types of action require a three-dimensionally bulky molecule. The benzene ring (.) is flat, and the six bonds leading from the ring to all attached atoms or groups also lie in the plane of the paper. All other conjugated systems (i.e. those where every second bond is a double-bond) are simil

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Surface chemistry. The modification of membranes by surface-active agentstein membranes (see Section 5.2). It is now widely thought that life is possible only because of the presence of these biphasic membranes (lipophilic within, and often hydrophilic on both outer surfaces), which provide for the separation of reactants. They also impose on the sequence of reactions an

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The perfection of a discoverynciples of selectivity, or from a chance laboratory observation, or by a tedious mechanical screening programme. Usually it is neither potent nor selective enough to be thought of as a candidate drug, heading towards clinical trial, but it can be nevertheless a very promising lead.* What steps can b

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Selectivity in the service of man of nutrients and releases it on demand; and the purine and pyrimidine bases of DNA, which encode all needed information for regulating the cell’s moment-by-moment metabolism, and also define its character and heredity.

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Metabolites, enzymes, and metabolite analoguesbetween (a) the normal substrate (or coenzyme) of an . and (b) an agent which inhibits it. In biochemical nomenclature, the substrate, the precursors of coenzymes, and the products of enzymes are referred to collectively as ...

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