Titlebook: Sciences in the Universities of Europe, Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries; Academic Landscapes Ana Simões,Maria Paula Diogo,Kostas Gavrogl

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The Autonomous Industrial University of Barcelona (1933–1934?) and the Frustrated Expectations of Def autonomous universities in Barcelona and Madrid in 1933, after the proclamation of the II Republic (1931). Although this experience was short-lived (it was halted by the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939), it raised many hopes, including its extension to technical education, a project completely unknow

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University Societies and Clubs in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Britain and Their Role in the Prinations which had formerly been done by coaches in the towns. This was an unquestioned advantage for the construction of civil society because these examinations prepared people for fellowships, livings in the early part of the century, and for places in government and the professions later. Howeve

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Foundation of the Lisbon Polytechnic School Astronomical Observatory in the Late Nineteenth Century:ay with the launching of an astrophysics research programme at this school. In the late nineteenth century, the establishment of an astrophysics research programme represented a challenge to university observatories. As national observatories were mostly concerned with meridian astronomy, astrophysi

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The Political and Cultural Revolution of the CNRS: An Attempt at the Systematic Organisation of Reseship, and national power took place in France. Debates often led by the Academy of Sciences centred on scientists’ mission and universities’ organization as well as on the relationship between academic knowledge and its applications, that is between science and technology. Proposals for enhancing re