Titlebook: Science, Voyages, and Encounters in Oceania, 1511-1850; Bronwen Douglas Book 2014 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers L

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六边形

Introduction: Indigenous Presence to the Science of Race of fluctuating European ideas about human similarity and differences over four centuries with the grounded experience of European voyagers during actual encounters with Indigenous people in the ‘fifth part of the world’, or ‘Oceania’, from 1511 to 1840. It is a systematic history of neither anthrop

咽下

Before Races: Barbarity, Civility, & Salvation in the ,settled his long emergent fivefold classification of the ‘principal’ human varieties by naming them ‘Caucasian’, ‘Mongolian’, ‘Ethiopian’, ‘American’, and ‘Malay’. He justified the final term linguistically since the great majority of this variety spoke the ‘Malay idiom’, notwithstanding their dispe

Arboreal

Towards Races: Ambivalent Encounters in the South Seasher some might not comprise ‘a single people’. He had ‘somewhere’ read that ‘a certain voyager had divided men into certain tribes, races, or classes’. He was alluding to an anonymous article attributed to the philosopher–physician Bernier (1684), given foundational status as the first published use

Neutropenia

Seeing Races: Confronting ‘Savages’ in , ‘modern notions of race’ and damned as an exponent of ‘racialist theory in its entirety’.. These charges misconstrue both his haphazard use of the term . in the essay ‘Varieties in the human species’ and his thinking on human unity and diversity. There is no hint in the essay of a biological accoun

rectocele

Meeting Agency: Islanders, Voyagers, & Races in the ,survey sent to the South Seas by the Royal Navy before the long hiatus of the Napoleonic Wars. French scientific voyaging to Oceania was similarly interrupted by war and eventual defeat after the return of Baudin’s expedition in 1804. The geopolitical void was partly filled by the Russian voyages of

ELATE

Races in the Field: Encounters & Taxonomy in the ectual rigour, excessively ‘poetic language’, undisciplined empiricism, and reliance on ‘dogmatic’ metaphysics. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Herder’s own student and co-leader of the . literary movement, recoiled from aspects of his thinking and from the sting of his ‘generally ugly disposition’ (Laa

Omnipotent

Raciology in Action: Phrenology, Polygenism, & Agency in ,ignifier of the size and qualities of the brain. Concurrently, the Zwinglian minister, mystic, and poet Lavater (1781–1803, I:vi) reconstituted physiognomy — the ancient ‘art of knowing a person’s morals and dispositions by inspection of the face’ — as a ‘Science inherently true, based in Nature’..

Keratectomy

胡言乱语

Introduction: Indigenous Presence to the Science of Raceattention to the contemporary meanings of the words used by savants or voyagers to describe, name, label, and eventually classify people or groups. I trace the long trajectory of one such term, ‘race’, from inconsequential genealogical origins to reconfiguration as a biological taxon.