Titlebook: Salinity: Environment — Plants — Molecules; André Läuchli,Ulrich Lüttge Book 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2002 Calcium.G

Condense

Adaptation of Halophilic Archaea to Life at High Salt Concentrationsolar concentrations of . and . to provide osmotic balance. Enzymes and other proteins require the presence of high salt concentrations for activity and structural stability. Most proteins contain a large excess of acidic amino acids and low amounts of hydrophobic amino acids. The structure resolutio

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Finasteride

blight

Ultrastructural Effects of Salinity in Higher Plantsfor example the aggregation of chloroplasts accompanied by a swelling in the granal and fret compartments or the complete distortion of chloroplastic grana and thylakoid structures. Others are associated with metabolic acclimation to salinity stress. For instance increased density of mitochondria, e

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Intra- and Inter-Cellular Compartmentation of Ionsle and varied differences in behaviour between the main intracellular compartments (cell wall, cytoplasm and vacuole), and between cell types. The cytosol, is characterized by a marked selectivity for K. and HPO. (in P deficient plants), but against Ca., ., Cl., NO. and H. and organic acids. These s

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Salinity, Osmolytes and Compatible Solutesconcentrations of NaCl, it is essential that other solutes be accumulated in the cytoplasm to keep this compartment in osmotic balance with the external medium and vacuole. Such solutes should be osmolytes that are non-toxic and “compatible” with cytoplasmic enzymes over wide concentration ranges. A

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Salinity and Nitrogen Nutritionhe inorganic nitrogen compounds. Dependent on the plant species, there are many similarities between general osmotic stress and salt stress, even drought, but uptake of chloride can, in the case of salinity, even alleviate the mere osmotic effects. Nitrate and ammonium uptake and assimilation are in

staging

Friction

Salinity, Growth and Phytohormonesl to those caused by water stress. Later, there may be a salt-specific and additional effect on growth: if excessive amounts of salt enter the plant they will eventually rise to toxic levels in the older transpiring leaves, and reduce the photosynthetic capacity of the plant. Salinity can therefore