Titlebook: Role of Signaling Pathways in Brain Tumorigenesis; Mehdi Hayat Shahi Book 2023 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023 Brain Tumour.Medull

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978-981-15-8475-6Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023

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Sonic Hedgehog Cell Signaling Pathway and Medulloblastomabryo show variable concentrations of Hedgehog signaling protein. This cell signaling pathway is one of the crucial regulators of animal development. Moreover, it is present in all bilaterians (Ingham et al. 2011). There are three types of HH homologous:

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Role of NF-kB in Brain Tumor Developmentand cell survival. It is usually present in all types of animal cells. NF-kB cell signaling activates in response to stress, cytokines, free radicals, heavy metals, UV irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens (Gilmore 1999, 2006; Brasier 2006; Perkins 2007; Concetti and Wilson 2018).

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Role of TP53 Gene in Gliomalate G1 phase. It also checked the effect on four major early immediate genes: C-FOS, C-JUN, JUN-B, and C-MYC. Finally, one delayed early gene-ornithine decarboxylase and two late G1/S-phase genes (B-MYB and DNA pol α) were identified. Moreover, it was observed that B-MYB and DNA pol α expression were significantly curtailed (Lin et al. 1992).

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Wnt Cell Signaling Pathway in Brain Tumor DevelopmentThe Wnt cell signaling pathway originated from wingless and the name Int-1 (Nusse et al. 1991) has both paracrine (nearby cell–cell communication) and autocrine (same-cell communication) cell signals. Interestingly, this pathway is highly conserved from . to humans (van Amerongen and Nusse 2009; Nusse and Varmus 1992).