Titlebook: Respiratory Psychophysiology; Curt Euler,Miriam Katz-Salamon Textbook 1988Latest edition Macmillan Publishers Limited 1988 pathophysiology

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Respiratory Sensations and the Voluntary Control of BreathingBreathing is controlled automatically (via chemo- and mechanoreceptors strategically located throughout the body) and can be voluntarily controlled as well. Volitional and automatic mechanisms can drive the respiratory muscles over separate anatomical pathways to the spinal motor neurons (Plum, 1970; Euler, 1986).

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Breathlessness and Respiratory Esophageal PressureThe causes and mechanisms of dyspnea have recently been discussed in two reviews (Cockcroft and Adams, 1986; Altose, 1987) even with regard to the technique developed during later years by which the perception of respiratory effort can be estimated and subjectively evaluated.

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Do the Changes in Respiratory Pattern and Ventilation Seen with Different Behavioural Situations Refening the eyes to read and that it is also stimulated when the eyes are opened without reading. Similar changes in breathing were found when auditory stimulation was added to the baseline condition with eyes closed. Breathing was stimulated more when the auditory or visual stimuli had ‘meaning’ ie. reading or listening to a story.

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Diagnostic Criteria for the Hyperventilation Syndromehe ventilatory rhythm is generated in the “respiratory centres” in the pons and medulla oblongata, and controlled by a chemical feedback loop for the PCO.-pH homeostatis of the organism. The activity of the medullary respiratory neuronal organisation can be stimulated from various other structures in the central nervous system (Fig. 1).

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Introduction: Forebrain Control of Breathing Behaviourultitude of intricate neural control mechanisms. These are hierarchially organized to adjust intensity and time parameters of the rhythmical breathing pattern to match the whole spectrum of bodily activities and energy requirements as well as the many non-metabolic behavioural demands on the breathing apparatus.

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