Titlebook: Radiology of HIV/AIDS; A Practical Approach Hongjun Li Book 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht and People’s Medical Publishing

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7823-8Diagnostic Imaging; Diagnostic Imaging; HIV/AIDS; Diagnostic Radiology; infectious diseases

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An Overview of Clinical Immunology of HIV/AIDSInnate immunity is the first line of defense in infection control. The key to control HIV infection and its progression lies in the host‘s immune defense. The immunity against infections can be divided into two types, non-specific immunity, also referred to as the innate immunity, and specific immunity, also known as adaptive/acquired immunity.

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Laboratory Test and Special ExaminationsThe patients or suspected cases of HIV/AIDS should receive the following laboratory tests:

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Diagnostic ImagingDue to the compromised immunity in AIDS patients, the complicated opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms seriously threaten their lives. Diagnostic imaging is the important way for the diagnosis of AIDS-related diseases. We have already gained much knowledge about diagnostic imaging of AIDS.

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HIV/AIDS Related Nervous System DiseasesHIV is lymphotropic to CD4+ lymphocytes and neurotropic. It selectively infects and destroys the CD4 T lymphocytes of its hosts, causing seriously compromised cellular immunity, which in turn leads to their increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and AIDS defining neoplasms.

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HIV/AIDS Related Neck DiseasesAIDS patients often develop otorhinolaryngological diseases as Marcuser and Sooy [9] reported in 1985 that 165 cases among 399 AIDS patients (41 %) have cranial and cervical symptoms, including oral and pharyngeal KS, candida infection and the most commonly found nasal sinusitis.

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Clinical Manifestations of HIV/AIDS Infectionng this period, HIV still replicates incessantly to compromise the immune system, with gradually decreasing CD4 T lymphocytes and infectivity. Even though the patients show no clinical symptoms, they, as HIV carriers, can spread the virus via various transmission routes.