Titlebook: Origin of Turbulence; Energy Gradient Theo Hua-Shu Dou Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license t

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Introductionried out, the physics of turbulence is still not fully understood. Advances of researches on turbulence are reviewed trace back to the first experiment of laminar flow transition to turbulence by Reynolds (1883). Achievements of mile stones in this period are listed in chronological order. Theories

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Fundamental of Stability of Parallel Flowsarallel flow are reviewed, respectively. For inviscid flow, the Rayleigh theorem and the Fjϕrtoft theorem are derived one of another. For viscous flow, the Orr-Sommerfeld equation, the critical Reynolds number, and the role of viscosity in linear stability are discussed. Then, the energy method due

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Turbulent Transition Through Velocity Discontinuityns of discontinuity form the singular points of the Navier-Stokes equations. For pressure-driven flows, it is demonstrated that there exist no smooth and physically reasonable solutions of Navier–Stokes equations for transitional flow and turbulence, with both the energy gradient theory and the anal

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Scaling of Disturbance for Turbulent Transition and Turbulencet transition is obtained and it agrees well with experiments. The relation of the frequency and the amplitude of disturbance at transition is also obtained and is in agreement with experiment. The role of disturbance in turbulent transition is found to promote to produce singularity. The energy spec

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Stability of Curved and Swirl Flows the energy gradient theory. It is found that the free vortex is stable and the forced vortex is unstable under finite disturbance. These results are in agreement with experimental observations. The stability of logarithmic spiral flow with radial outflow is studied, and it is found that the flow is