Titlebook: Numerical Semigroups; J.C. Rosales,P. A. García-Sánchez Book 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 Additive Semigroups.Embedding

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978-1-4614-2456-7Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009

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Introduction,Let ℕ be the set of nonnegative integers. A numerical semigroup is a nonempty subset . of ℕ that is closed under addition, contains the zero element, and whose complement in ℕ is finite.

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The quotient of a numerical semigroup by a positive integer,A generalization of the linear Diophantine Frobenius problem can be stated as follows. Let ..,…,.. and . be positive integers with {..,…,..}=1. Find a formula for the largest multiple of . not belonging to 〈..,…,..〉.

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Notable elements,invariants have their interpretation in this context, and this is the reason why their names may seem bizarre in the scope of monoids. In this sense the monograph [5] serves as an extraordinary dictionary between these apparently two different parts of Mathematics.

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Jean Jacod,Philip Protterays, traffic breakdown, and evacuation dynamics.Covers both This volume in the .Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science. (ECSS) covers such fascinating and practical topics as (i) Vehicular traffic flow theory, (ii) Studies of real field traffic data, (iii) Complex phenomena of self-organizat