Titlebook: Long-Term Climate Monitoring by the Global Climate Observing System; International Meetin Thomas R. Karl Book 1996 Springer Science+Busines

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Low-Cost Long-Term Monitoring of Global Climate Forcings and Feedbacks global temperature change. Our discussion is based on a more detailed study and workshop report (Hansen .., 1993b). We focus on the potential contribution of a proposed series of inexpensive small satellites, but we discuss also the need for complementary climate process studies and ground-based me

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Regional Climate Changes as Simulated in Time-Slice Experimentsve been taken from a transient climate change experiment with a T21 global coupled ocean-atmosphere model. In this so-called time-slice experiment, the SST values (and the greenhouse gas concentration) were taken at present time CO. level, at the time of CO. doubling and tripling..The annual cycle o

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Monitoring Changes of Cloudsllows us to reach the following conclusions about the necessary attributes of a cloud monitoring system. (1) Complete global coverage with uniform density is necessary to obtain an unbiased estimate of cloud change and an estimate of the reliability with which that change can be determined. (2) A sp

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On Detecting Long-Term Changes in Atmospheric Moisturemperature change. It is thus important to monitor water vapor in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. This paper reviews existing data for such an endeavor and the prospects for improvement in monitoring..In general, radiosondes provide the longest record but the data are fraught with problems, s

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Satellite Monitoring of Global Land Cover Changes and their Impact on Climate of land cover changes is important in global change research. Although, land cover has dramatically changed over the last few centuries, until now there has been no consistent way of quantifying the changes globally..In this study we used long-term climate, soils data along with coarse resolution s

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Temperature above the Surface Layertosphere and troposphere..The global lower stratosphere exhibits a downward trend for the past 16+ years of −0.53 °C (−0.33 °C per decade). Since the 1960’s (using radiosondes before 1979 which are subject to known and unknown inhomogeneities) it is likely that there has been a downward trend of abo

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An Ocean Observing System for Climate and predicting ocean climate and its variability is discussed. The ultimate aim of the system is represented by four application areas; atmospheric prediction; ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere climate prediction; state-of-the-art ocean climate assessment; and model validation. Models are presente