Titlebook: Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery in Urology; Xu Zhang Book 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. and People‘s Medical Publishing House 2

Callus

Mechanics

Retroperitoneoscopic Anatomical Adrenalectomytive pain, shorter hospital stay and small scar. With the evidences from large number of clinical trials and multi-center comparative analysis, it has replaced the open surgery as the mainstream surgical approach in the era of minimally invasive surgery due to its safety and reliability.

photophobia

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Heminephrectomy for Duplex Kidney Anomalyanipulation with intraperitoneal organs. In view of high risk of urinary leakage from heminephrectomy, we have modified heminephrectomy by excision of urothelium from upper moiety remnant and closure of upper moiety remnant. In our experience, this technique effectively prevents the postoperative urinary leakage.

白杨鱼

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Renal Pedicle Lymphatic Disconnection for Chyluriaisease causing chyluria, which can occur along the urinary tract [4]. Non-parasite diseases causing chyluria is uncommon, which include tuberculosis and malignant tumor disease. These diseases extensively invade retroperitoneal lymphatic system [5].

忍受

启发

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Partial NephrectomyRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for about 2–3% of adult malignancies, and 80–90% of adult renal malignancies. Incidence of RCC in China increases over years. In recent years, the majority of patients with RCC are asymptomatic and detected by health screening, which accounts for 50–60% of patients with renal cancer.

易怒

租约

无所不知

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3738-3Adrenal Gland; Kidney; Ureter; Bladder; Prostate; Lympadenectomy

jealousy

Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. and People‘s Medical Publishing House 2020