Titlebook: Kidney Cancer; Principles and Pract Primo N. Lara,Eric Jonasch Book 2015Latest edition The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), und

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Biomarkers for Renal Cell Carcinomaf cancer. In contrast, biomarkers are helpful as more objective and reliable factors, which can either supplement or replace these largely subjective measures. Biomarkers can potentially play important roles in clinical research by clarifying measurable endpoints, which may lead to significant decre

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Cytoreductive Nephrectomyry. This chapter will highlight the historical evolution of CN in the treatment of metastatic RCC, review the data regarding optimal patient selection, highlight the risks of CN, and explore future methods on how to better integrate surgery into the treatment of patients with metastatic RCC.

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The Role of Radiation Therapy in Renal Cell Carcinomatment of RCC and conclude that RT does not have a major role in the management of localized RCC in the adjuvant setting but is effective for palliation and local control of distant sites of metastasis to the bone and brain in particular.

周年纪念日

Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Renal Cell Carcinomand have changed management of this stage of the disease. Many of these agents are currently being investigated in placebo-controlled adjuvant studies. While results of most of these trials are still awaited, there is optimism that these agents may prove effective and change the paradigm for the trea