Titlebook: International Safeguards and Satellite Imagery; Key Features of the Gotthard Stein,Bernd Richter,Bhupendra Jasani Conference proceedings 2

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Perspectives of Satellite Imagery Analysis for Verifying the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treatyy (IAEA) [1]. With the “renaissance” of nuclear energy [2, 3, 4], the number of nuclear facilities under IAEA safeguards will increase in the future. For facilities both in operation and under construction or planning, the goals of the NPT are expected to be met by strengthening the safeguards proce

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Key Features of Nuclear Power Reactors were strengthened considerably. Earlier it was suggested that observations from commercial remote sensing satellites could enhance the Agency’s safeguards procedures [1]. After a number of studies on the use of such imageries in the safeguards procedures [2, 3, 4] the IAEA is now using this techniq

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Key Features of Nuclear Research Reactors for producing electrical power, although they have a very high power density in the core requiring special design features. They are used for research and training, materials testing, as neutron generators and for production of radioisotopes for medical and industrial applications. Many such reacto

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Application of the ’Key’ to High Resolution Satellite Imagesnd lowresolution (~ 5m) satellite imageries. In this brief study, the applicability of the key is investigated using the high-resolution US QuickBird-2 satellite images (0.61m resolution). Two German sites, Berlin Research Reactor BRII and Emsland Nuclear Power Reactor were selected. The latter also

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Object-based Image Analysisar safeguards agreement between a NPT Member State and the IAEA. Items and activities which can be monitored within nuclear facilities are, for instance, construction of buildings, plant expansion, changes of the operational status, and planning of underground activities..When applied to high-resolu

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Nuclear Research Reactorss chapter deals with the object-based image analysis of two examples for RR. For these the applicability of the interpretation key developed in the previous chapters is investigated..The characteristic key features of objects for research reactors used here are a rectangular buildings measuring abou

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Detection of Changes in Imagescan be identified by remote sensing. With increasing resolution of the satellite-based sensors, smaller-scale phenomena, such as single man-made objects, can be discovered and investigated. In the context of the verification of the NPT, change detection is a suitable tool. It can be used to identify