Titlebook: International Aid, Administrative Reform and the Politics of EU Accession; The Case of Albania Artan Karini Book 2019 The Editor(s) (if app

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Artan Karinir energy, growth, and repair. Functions of the digestive system are controlled by the autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal hormones, local paracrine messengers, immune factors, and microbiota in the gut. Dopamine is a type of catecholamine that is found not only in the brain but also in the gu

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Artan Kariniback into the DA nerve terminal. Several lines of evidence suggest that in addition to uptake or forward transport, DAT can also function to release DA. This process, which is referred to as DAT-mediated release or efflux, is the mechanism used by potent and highly addictive psychostimulants, such a

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emographic studies have shown that teenagers show a high prevalence of rewarding drugs use, mainly nicotine-containing products and cannabis. Clinical researches have associated the adolescence consume of nicotine and cannabis with a higher vulnerability to develop neuropsychiatric diseases in adult

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While additional classifications of symptoms have been proposed (e.g., . 1980; . 1982; . 1987; . et al. 1988, 1999; . et al. 1989; . 1990; . and . 1994; . et al. 1995; . 1995), the dopamine (DA) hypothesis of schizophrenia has been primarily related to the positive-negative classification (see below

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Artan KariniDA: its prominent role in drug-reward. In fact, drug-induced stimulation of DA transmission is itself rewarding (. and . 1987; . 1995). This circumstance, while acting as a powerful incentive of studies on the role of DA in drug-reinforcement and drug-addiction, has been also utilized as the basis f

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Artan Karini and DAT dynamics using acute brain slices combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for DA detection along with a modification of a classically used radioactive uptake assay to measure levels of DA uptake. Further examining DAT functions and DA dynamics is key for the development

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Artan Karini factors, which collaborate in defining the clinical profile of CP consumers, continue under study. Furthermore, until recently there was no preclinical data so far showing the effects induced by the pulmonary inhalation of CP using traditional behavioral and neurochemical tools, such as the open fi