Titlebook: Instrumentation in Earthquake Seismology; Jens Havskov,Gerardo Alguacil Book 2016Latest edition Springer International Publishing Switzerl

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Jens Havskov,Gerardo Alguacil development, let’s first discuss what navigation is? Navigation is the task of guiding a robotic vehicle/ robotic manipulator toward a desired goal in a given environment (Corke, 2017). Unlike the robotic vehicle, the human navigation task is more complex due to the following reasons, such as deali

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Introduction,sensitive seismographs and accurate timing systems, so that earthquakes could be located. Later, the importance of accurate measurement of the true ground motion became evident, particularly for calculation of magnitude. This requires knowledge about the instruments.

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Seismic Sensors,ismometer also has to give a dynamic physical variable related to this motion..The motion of the ground is generally measured in the xyz directions so three sensors are needed. The theoretical description is the same for the three sensors while the construction methods might be different. For specia

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Seismic Noise,‘real’ seismic noise from the ground. Here only the latter is described. Noise has traditionally been measured as ground displacement at different frequencies using analog seismograms and a typical ground noise at 1 Hz is in the range 1–100 nm while at 0.2 Hz it is between 10 and 10,000 nm. This mea

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Seismic Recorders,rding is done digitally..A typical recorder consists of a digitizer connected to computer, which can store all the data in a continuous form or only store the seismic events. Due to storage (mostly flash memory) having large capacities and being cheap, most recorders now can record continuously. In

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Correction for Instrument Response,ation. However the user wants to get the true ground motion in acceleration, velocity or displacement in the widest frequency band possible. This is also called correction for instrument response..For a given instrument, the amplitude frequency response function (gain of the instrument at different

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Seismic Stations,rary but then there is usually no permanent physical installation..There are several considerations to make to make when installing a seismic station:.The station can consist of only the sensor, digitizer and some transmission line with the recorder elsewhere, or the station can be complete with rec