Titlebook: Heavy Metals in Natural Waters; Applied Monitoring a James W. Moore,S. Ramamoorthy Book 1984 Springer-Verlag New York Inc. 1984 Gewässerbel

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tative and qualitative terms. Aspects of this development - e.g. rationalization or the world-wide diffusion of Coca-Cola - have been researched, but largely in isolation. .Americanization of the European Economy .provides a comprehensive yet compact survey of the growth of American economic influen

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Introduction,d and water-based disposal sites. There was a general feeling, particularly in the Western world, that Nature could effectively treat or otherwise handle hazardous substances. Although there were several early indications, particularly from Japan, that this Naive Era of Waste Control was drawing to

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Arsenic,ic is exemplified by its hard acid behaviour in As(+ 3) and soft base behaviour in compounds such as R.As, where R = alkyl or aryl group (Ahrland, 1966). Arsenic is widely distributed in the environment, including plant and animal tissues. It forms a variety of inorganic and organic compounds of dif

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Cadmium,l environment is Cd(+ 2). Cadmium is silvery white and ductile with a faint blue tinge. It has a medium class b character compared to zinc and mercury. This imparts moderate covalency in bonds and high affinity for sulfhydryl groups, leading to increased lipid solubility, bioaccumulation, and toxici

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Chromium,ounts for its extensive use as an electroplated protective coating. However it is fairly active when not passivated and dissolves in non-oxidizing mineral acids. Chromium(+6) exists only as oxy species such as Cr0., CrO. and Cr.O. and is strongly oxidizing. Chromium(+5) and (+4) exist in transient s

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Copper,rmal and electrical conductivity second only to silver. Copper is classified as intermediate between hard and soft acids in its chemical interactions with donor atoms. Hard acids prefer O donors forming essentially electrovalent bonds whereas soft acceptors prefer S or Se donor atoms forming covalen

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Lead,s with atomic number and lead is truly metallic compared to carbon and silicon. Lead, unlike C and Si, does not bind to another identical atom, shows marked decrease in covalency, and has stable (+2) and (+4) oxidation states. Members of group IV form organo derivatives. Lead forms alkyl and aryl co

Coordinate

Mercury,of mercury is significantly different from that of the other two members of the same triad, zinc and cadmium. Mercury is an enzyme and protein inhibitor whereas zinc plays an active role in protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism in a variety of organisms. The extreme class b character of Hg(+2)

CANT

Zinc, occurs in a number of minerals—zinc blends, ZnS, smithsonite, ZnCO., willemite, Zn.SiO., zincite, ZnO, and others. Commercially important ores are mainly those of carbonate and sulfide. Although zinc metallurgy is at least 1000 years old, zinc (described as false silver) has been known for some 200