Titlebook: Handbook of Nondestructive Evaluation 4.0; Norbert Meyendorf,Nathan Ida,Johannes Vrana Living reference work 20250th edition Industry 4.0

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Probabilistic Lifing, review of the traditional deterministic lifing approach (involving safety factors) is provided and contrasted with the probabilistic approach that involves random input variables and acceptable risk levels. The selection of acceptable risk levels for design and service decisions is discussed in the

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NDE 4.0 in Railway Industry,ehicles. To keep these key components safe, some NDT techniques are employed as requiring, which reflect the variety and advancement of NDE technology. This chapter provides an overview of the practice of NDE4.0 concept in cases of in-service wheelset and rail inspection. The chapter starts by prese

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