Titlebook: Germany and Vocational Education in Republican China; Traveling Texts, Tou Henrike Rudolph Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The

从容

Vocational Education Between Paternalism, Militarism, and the Pedagogical Reform Movement (1913–1922val warlords and political factions also impeded nationwide reforms and politicized educational discourses. Before and during World War I, China and Germany witnessed a national mobilization in a broader sense, defined by John Horne as “the engagement of the different belligerent nations in their wa

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Tongji University and Its Foreman Schoolhat started as a practical training course for skilled mechanical workers grew into an all-round vocational school for foremen, fitters, and overseers (., and .). The commitment of the German government contributed to the school’s thriving, but it was an active community of Chinese actors that ensur

LITHE

边缘带来墨水

Morbid

合乎习俗

学术讨论会

甜瓜

Introduction, between state and citizen, and the causes of social inequalities. At the core of these issues was the question of whether manual labor was a necessary evil or a virtue. Were vocational skills simply a means of earning daily bread, or would a handicraft also cultivate the productive minds of elites?

Feckless

Fast Forward to a Pedagogical Century,ro-American empires this has mostly been part of a postcolonial endeavor to unmask power imbalances and to reinvestigate indigenous agency. Despite similarities and interwoven educational discourses, China, with its Confucian traditions of education and its limited exposure to colonial rule, defies