Titlebook: Genetic Approaches to Microbial Pathogenicity; W. Goebel Book 1985 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licens

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Genetic Analysis of Bacterial Virulence Determinants in , and the Pathogenic ,,eview, see Macrina 1984). This has been especially true in the analysis of enterotoxin structure and function (So et al. 1976, 1978; M.and F.1980; P.and M.1982) as well as in the evaluation of bacterial pili and hemolysins in gastrointestinal or extraintestinal infections (S. and H. 1978; W. etal. 1

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Gonococcal Pilus: Genetics and Structure,(e.g., influenza virus), parasites (e.g., .), and bacteria (e.g., .). Recent work has shown that two surface proteins of . undergo antigenic variation as well. These two virulence factors are the pilus and the opacity (PII) proteins, both of which promote gonococcal binding to host (human) epithelia

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Genetic Determinants of Virulence in , and Dysenteric Strains of ,: Their Involvement in the Pathogldwide. Recognized as a clinical disease entity since the time of Hippocrates, dysentery is characterized by painful abdominal cramps and frequent defecation of blood and mucus. Primates are considered to be the only natural hosts susceptible to. infection, a consideration that has seriously hindere

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Cholera Toxin: Genetic Analysis, Regulation, and Role in Pathogenesis,early involved in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of bacterial diseases affecting mankind. These include cholera, diphtheria, pertussis, anthrax, dysentery, tetanus, gas gangrene, and opportunistic infections caused by ., and .. Even . does on occasion possess the necessary genetic information fo

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Molecular Biology of Fimbriae of Enterotoxigenic ,,toxigenic . (ETEC) strains to adhere to the intestinal epithelium is required as an initial step in establishing diarrheal disease. The bacterial cell surface structures that are responsible for adherence have been called adhesins or colonization factors (see also G. and D. G. 1982, for a recent rev

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Genetics of , Hemolysin,cter varies from organism to organism. Extracellular enzymes have been shown to be responsible for hemolysis by some bacteria, e.g., the phospholipases of . . et al. 1982) and . (also called a-toxin; . 1979) and also the sphingiomyelinase C produced by. (β-toxin; . and . 1983). “Nonenzymatic” protei