Titlebook: Expeditions as Experiments; Practising Observati Marianne Klemun,Ulrike Spring Book 2016 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 20

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,Naturalists at Work: Expeditions, Collections and the Creation of “Epistemic Things”,r’s concept of “epistemic things”, Schmutzer follows the story of specimens of South American lungfish (.) and explores the emergence of these “things” in a long-term process of re-examining knowledge which neither starts nor ends with the duration of an expedition.

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The First Definition of Hinduisme expedition. The chapter argues that not only did the expedition function as an experiment in a social and cultural way, but also the acts of observing and documenting the aurora functioned as experiments that helped to test the boundaries of science.

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Library of Philosophy and Religion attention to the social and sexual diversity of participants who struggled for the exclusivity of the first look. The chapter concludes with a case study of two expeditions, undertaken by the Austrian Academy of Science and the Speleological Club of Vienna respectively, in the early 1920s.

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Jason Turowetz,Matthew M. Hollandernton Bruun) are analysed in the first half of the chapter, while the second half concerns the bathyscaphe, a deep-sea submersible developed by the Swiss physicist Auguste Piccard. The differences highlight the cultural work involved in constructing expeditions as both acts of data collection and articulations of values.

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Warning Signs of Gang Involvement,entific authority as well as the instrumentalization of geology in the context of a dictatorial regime are also addressed. The geological expedition is presented as an “experimental space” where not only new aspects of geological practice but also an entire network of scientific, social and political relations are experienced and put to the test.