Titlebook: Encyclopedia of Language and Education; Language Policy and Ruth Wodak,David Corson Book 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 19

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Language Planning and Educationd model of schooling, such a language of instruction is expected to be highly standardized (so that many different schools can use the same curricular and human resources) and both prestigious and widely used (so that education promotes economic mobility and intergroup communication). These are not

CLAM

Critical Applied Linguistics and Educationof emerging critical approaches to language and education can be described. Part of the difficulty in defining CALx lies in the difficulties in determining both what it is to be critical and what is meant by Applied Linguistics. The term critical has a number of senses, from the popular meaning of s

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Linguistic Discrimination in Educational Contextsols have classrooms of different sizes that also vary considerably in their linguistic composition. Some schools, or classes within schools, may be linguistically homogeneous — while other schools, or classes within them, may be dissimilar from a linguistic point of view.

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Language Policies for Indigenous Peoples them from the dominant populations of their countries, indigenous peoples also differ in having endured a long history of colonial exploitation and repression, usually involving invasion and conquest. In every case the languages of these peoples show the marks of this history of oppression that the

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National Sign Languages and Language Policiests of the spread of nationalism, spurred on by national and international movements in the fields of human rights and education. There have, however, always been policies towards sign languages, policies which have overtly or covertly been influenced by wider attitudes towards language in general. T

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Non-Standard Varieties and Educational Policy they do exist, their net effect is usually to strengthen the position of the standard variety in formal education (see Poulson, Radmor & Turner-Bisset 1996). Yet in any language community, including all monolingual societies, there is a range of non—standard varieties that is used by closely knit s

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