Titlebook: ECOtoxicology: Ecological Dimensions; Donald J. Baird,Lorraine Maltby,Peter E. T. Douben Book 1996 Chapman & Hall 1996 ecology.ecotoxicolo

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Coping with variability in environmental impact assessment,umptions of a steady-state equilibrium in time or space and may be of limited value. Other designs that involve comparisons among paired sites or multiple-time sampling from areas exposed to different perturbation intensities have greater capacity to separate the effects of natural variation from th

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Environmental stress and the distribution of traits within populations,from the fields of molecular genetics, physiology, whole organism energetics, population biology and ecosystem ecology, suggesting that changes in the variance of population attributes may indicate a general symptom of environmental stress. Stress-caused increases in biological variability will decr

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,Lebendige Veränderung laut leben,ing design and requires detailed ecological knowledge of the subjects for sensible interpretation of results and for the long-term maintenance of cultures to support testing programmes. Relevance again involves a detailed understanding of the effect observed and its relationship to possible adverse

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Julia Hitzenberger,Susanne Schuettols for such practical work. Fortunately, this undistinguished record for ecotoxicology promises to improve as a result of three rapidly advancing branches of ecological theory. The theoretical innovations that promise to make ecotoxicology a more predictive science are: (1) applications of stage-an

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Zielsetzung und Vorgehensweise der Studie,ctly through the effects of the causal agent on other species. Examples are presented of simple indirect effects that have been studied by theoretical ecologists. The possible use of both empirical studies and ecosystem models to predict indirect effects of one species on another is discussed. Both

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f appropriate ecological theory and partly because of the technical difficulty of penetrating procedures that are now well established and built into legal frameworks of pollutant regulation and control. This chapter explores, using simple modelling and case examples, the form that the case for taki

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founded on careful study and rigorous analysis. Assessments of environmental impacts are often based on the presumption of a ‘balance of nature’. Environments vary in time and space, however, and this invalidates the assumption of equilibrium and complicates study design. Natural variability also i