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Titlebook: Critical Appraisal of Physical Science as a Human Enterprise; Dynamics of Scientif Mansoor Niaz Book 20091st edition Springer Science+Busin

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发表于 2025-3-21 19:24:35 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
书目名称Critical Appraisal of Physical Science as a Human Enterprise
副标题Dynamics of Scientif
编辑Mansoor Niaz
视频videohttp://file.papertrans.cn/240/239892/239892.mp4
概述Presents historical reconstructions that are very different from textbook presentations.Includes a wide range of historical episodes covering almost 300 years.Provides guidelines for students, teacher
丛书名称Contemporary Trends and Issues in Science Education
图书封面Titlebook: Critical Appraisal of Physical Science as a Human Enterprise; Dynamics of Scientif Mansoor Niaz Book 20091st edition Springer Science+Busin
描述It is generally believed that doing science means accumulating empirical data with no or little reference to the interpretation of the data based on the scientist’s th- retical framework or presuppositions. Holton (1969a) has deplored the widely accepted myth (experimenticism) according to which progress in science is presented as the inexorable result of the pursuit of logically sound conclusions from un- biguous experimental data. Surprisingly, some of the leading scientists themselves (Millikan is a good example) have contributed to perpetuate the myth with respect to modern science being essentially empirical, that is carefully tested experim- tal facts (free of a priori conceptions), leading to inductive generalizations. Based on the existing knowledge in a field of research a scientist formulates the guiding assumptions (Laudan et al. , 1988), presuppositions (Holton, 1978, 1998) and “hard core” (Lakatos, 1970) of the research program that constitutes the imperative of presuppositions, which is not abandoned in the face of anomalous data. Laudan and his group consider the following paraphrase of Kant by Lakatos as an important guideline: philosophy of science without history
出版日期Book 20091st edition
关键词alternative interpretations of data; dynamics of scientific progress; historical reconstructions; philo
版次1
doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9626-6
isbn_softcover978-90-481-8172-8
isbn_ebook978-1-4020-9626-6Series ISSN 1878-0482 Series E-ISSN 1878-0784
issn_series 1878-0482
copyrightSpringer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009
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Understanding Scientific Progress: From Duhem to Lakatos,g to Urbach (1989): “Lakatos‘s methodology of science developed out of Kuhn‘s theory of paradigm, and this in turn was proposed largely in reaction to Popper‘s philosophy of science” (p. 399). Lakatos in his Ph.D. thesis recognizes his debt to three intellectual sources: Pólya‘s mathematical heurist
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,Kinetic Theory: Maxwell’s Presuppositions,hinstein, 1987, 1991; Brush, 1976; Clark, 1976; De Regt, 1996; Dorling, 1970; Elkana, 1974; Gavroglu, 1990; Kuhn, 1970a; Lakatos, 1970; Mendoza, 1975; Nyhof, 1988). The starting point of Maxwell‘s work on the kinetic theory of gases was his reading of the paper by Clausius (1857) entitled: “On the n
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Paradox of the Photoelectric Effect: Einstein and Millikan,he subject of considerable research by historians (Brush, 2007; Klein, 1963; Kragh, 1999; Stuewer, 1970, 1975; Wheaton, 1978, 1983). Einstein proposed that ordinary light behaves as though it consists of a stream of independent localized units of energy that he called .. He was led to this revolutio
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Bending of Light in the 1919 Eclipse Experiments: Einstein and Eddington,nstein‘s General Theory of Relativity. One of the parties (A.S. Eddington and E. Cottingham) was to observe the eclipse in Principe, an island off the coast of Africa, and the other (A. Crommelin and C. Davidson) in Sobral, Brazil. Complete report of the expeditions was published by Dyson et al. (19
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