Titlebook: Critical Appraisal of Medical Literature; David Marchevsky Book 2000 Springer Science+Business Media New York 2000 correlation.diagnosis.e

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Probabilitybability is a background necessary for understanding many basic statistical concepts that are essential for critical appraisal. In this chapter we introduce the concepts of set, subset, experiment, sample space, event, an account of different approaches to probability, and the use of proportions, pe

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Variables and Measurementan be quantified. This chapter presents a general view of some properties of phenomena and of aspects of quantification. A general discussion on variables and on measurement is followed by their classifications.

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Sampling and Designe problems that we may encounter when we make general conclusions based on relatively few observations (p. 9). Some of these problems can be avoided at the planning stage of a study. This way, the inductive inferential process is facilitated. In research, design refers to a systematic approach used

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Distributions of some natural systems. In particular, the distribution patterns of observations permit us to draw important conclusions about populations we are interested in. Relevant to these ideas, this chapter is focused on the important concept of distribution and its characteristics such as averages, shape