书目名称 | Cooperative Research and Development: The Industry—University—Government Relationship | 编辑 | Albert N. Link,Gregory Tassey | 视频video | | 图书封面 |  | 描述 | We must all hang together or surely we will all hang separately. Benjamin Franklin The significant apathy that characterized relationships between indus try and universities and the adversarial nature of relationships between industry and government have both faded rapidly in the 1980s as the realities of global competition have surfaced in the United States. Both industry and government leaders articulate a number of constructs for regaining our competitiveness in world markets. One of the more fre quent strategies prescribed in this new competitiveness era is cooperation. Different individuals or groups may espouse different definitions, inter pretations, or areas of emphasis, but the overall importance of this concept is substantial. Although examples of cooperative research have existed for several decades, the number and variety of relationships have expanded rapidly in the 1980s as corporations, universities, and governments have embraced this strategy. Joint ventures involving two or three firms increased from under 200 per year in the 1970s to over 400 per year by the mid-1980s. Multiple-firm cooperative arrangements are a more recent phenomenon, made possible by the Nat | 出版日期 | Book 1989 | 关键词 | competitiveness; development; research & development (R&D); strategy; technology policy | 版次 | 1 | doi | https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2522-9 | isbn_softcover | 978-94-010-7639-5 | isbn_ebook | 978-94-009-2522-9 | copyright | Kluwer Academic Publishers 1989 |
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