Titlebook: Contemporary Topics in Immunobiology; Volume 4 Invertebrat M. G. Hanna,E. L. Cooper Book 1974 Plenum Press, New York 1974 bacteria.blood.im

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GONG

Invertebrate Precursors to Immune Responses,tory. Since Darwin, much of the “fun” of biological research has been to interpret what directly interests one in evolutionary terms. This introduction is stimulated almost wholly by my interest in the phylogeny of the immune responses and will touch only on findings that appear to be relevant to that theme.

medieval

On the Immediate Fate of Bacteria in the Land Snail Helix,der, 1962), Cheng (1967.) has shown that a scheme can be drawn up as illustrated in Fig. 1. Studies on a variety of molluscs reveal that when small particles are introduced into the circulation they are rapidly cleared from the hemolymph. We may now ask the question: “What are the agents of clearance?”

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Metabolism of Insect Hemocytes During Phagocytosis,gocytic vacuoles. Thereafter microorganisms may be killed and digested; however, for a variety of reasons, cellular bactericidal capacity may be incomplete in some cases. Certain pathogenic bacteria can remain viable within the phagocyte; others may survive because of cellular or biochemical defects.

Ancestor

Enteropathic

On the Ultrastructure of Invertebrate Hemocytes: An Interpretation of their Role in Comparative Hemh phagocytose foreign bodies (Figs. 9, 10). My investigations add some electron microscopic data on invertebrate blood cells to comparative hematology with the intention of contributing something to the morphology and the development of “blood” within phylogeny.

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aches to humoral and cellular immunity. It is evident that invertebrates do have function­ ing immune systems. For example, cellular immunity is characterized by both specificity and memory, but it is still problematical whether vertebrate immune capacity evolved directly from invertebrates. Most of

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无能的人

Introduction,he Pasteur Institute during the latter half of the 19th century. Prior to his arrival in France, he had observed that starfish larvae (Phylum Echinodermata) are transparent, a condition which allowed easy viewing of their mobile amoeboid cells. After sticking thorns into these larvae, he discovered

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Invertebrate Precursors to Immune Responses, be destroyed, there will be a utilitarian justification for studying invertebrate pathology and whatever is equivalent in them to what we study in vertebrates as immunology. Nevertheless, I fancy that most contributors to this symposium are interested mainly in what, if any, light such studies of i