Titlebook: Comprehensive Diagnostic Approach to Bladder Cancer; Molecular Imaging an Marc A. Bjurlin,Richard S. Matulewicz Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if

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Comprehensive Diagnostic Approach to Bladder Cancer978-3-030-82048-0

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Urinary Biomarkers: Current Status and Future Opportunities,rine biomarkers are attractive due to the simplicity of specimen collection anddirect contact of urine with the urothelial tumor; they have the potential to improve diagnosis, reduce unnecessary cystoscopies, and risk-stratify patients in both diagnostic and surveillance settings. The current status

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J. Kehler,K. Hübner,H. R. Schölerma of the bladder, but not in low-risk disease. Likewise, urinary tract cytology is not recommended in the evaluation of patients with microscopic hematuria but may be considered in patients with gross hematuria. Although cystoscopy continues to be the gold standard for diagnosis and surveillance of

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https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31437-7rine biomarkers are attractive due to the simplicity of specimen collection anddirect contact of urine with the urothelial tumor; they have the potential to improve diagnosis, reduce unnecessary cystoscopies, and risk-stratify patients in both diagnostic and surveillance settings. The current status

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Hiroko Nakahama,Elisa Di Pasqualesparities in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of bladder cancer, with particular focus on gender, race, insurance, and geography as important determinants of outcome. We also discuss the burden of financial toxicity in the management of muscle- and non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer for young