Titlebook: Colposcopy; Comprehensive Textbo Ralph J. Lellé,Volkmar Küppers Book 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 Cervical Cancer.Cervical Intr

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Colposcopy of Radiation-Induced Changes,Following previous pelvic radiation therapy, the colposcopic distinction between tumor recurrence and radiation-induced changes poses a challenge to colposcopy.

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Colposcopy of the Vagina,Colposcopy of the vagina is particularly important in order to diagnose high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN1 to 3), which is considered to be the precursor of carcinoma of the vagina in analogy to CIN and cervical cancer.

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Colposcopy of the Vulva,Several disease of the vulva can be diagnosed visually. The colposcope may help to further improve the sensitivity as well as the specificity of vulvar diagnosis.

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The Immunocompromised Patient,Patients with reduced immunological defenses either due to disease (HIV infection) or immunosuppressive medication (e.g. following organ transplantation) are more susceptible to HPV-related diseases. Therefore, this group of patients requires special attention within a colposcopy clinic.

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Psychological Considerations of Screening and Triage,The psychological burden of Pap smear and HPV screening as well as colposcopic triage is quite significant and frequently underestimated. In this chapter, the psychological effects and possible strategies to alleviate stressful situations are discussed.

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Book 2023 will find it very useful for training and as a source of reference, regardless of whether they are working within an established screening program based on cytopathology and/or HPV testing or within a low-resource environment applying visual inspection as the primary screening strategy.