Titlebook: Challenging the Orthodoxies; Richard M. Auty (Senior Lecturer),John Toye (Direc Book 1996 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publ

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2947-3675 nomists, environmentalists, political scientists, institutionalists, sociologists and a philosopher. The papers span a range of viewpoints which includes sympathetic modifications to the consensus as well as strong rejections of it.978-1-349-13992-7Series ISSN 2947-3675 Series E-ISSN 2947-3683

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st of new sources of supply or the fundamental reorganisation of a particular industry (TED, p. 66). Schumpeter labelled the carrying out of these changes or new combinations as enterprise and the individuals who carried them out as entrepreneurs.

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e therefore a resource since they generate income for many thousands of marginalised households. In a scarcity-based. economy, like India’s, there is always a high demand for low value products made from recuperated waste materials.

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courages the use of the social sanctions of scorn or ridicule to deter those who might be inclined to think themselves a little wiser than the rest of humankind from saying so. Orthodoxies are no longer just sets of beliefs. They are beliefs to assent to which one feels some kind of social and psychological pressure.

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fications since the Washington consensus was a lowest common denominator of orthodoxy. He replied that deriding orthodoxy was such a common practice in the Development Studies Association that defending it would be a true challenge to orthodoxy, thus leaving me with no option but to accept his invitation.

起草

Challenging the Orthodoxiescourages the use of the social sanctions of scorn or ridicule to deter those who might be inclined to think themselves a little wiser than the rest of humankind from saying so. Orthodoxies are no longer just sets of beliefs. They are beliefs to assent to which one feels some kind of social and psychological pressure.

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