Titlebook: Carcinogen Risk Assessment; Curtis C. Travis Book 1988 Plenum Press, New York 1988 assessment.biology.cancer.communication.kinetics.manage

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Partitioning Modelsia, and estimation of the toxic effects on organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems. Examples are the series of reports published in the United States by the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council and in Canada by the Environmental Secretariat of the National Research Council.

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Biologically-Based Models to Predict Cancer Riskrestimate risk at low doses. Historically, regulatory agencies have had to use the available models in the absence of more appropriate alternatives; however, this is no longer the case. Our under standing of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis has advanced to a point where use of a biologically-based cancer model is now feasible.

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The Risk Analysis Processd with toxic chemical exposures. This two-step process, to first evaluate risk and then decide what, if anything, should be done to reduce exposures, was first adopted by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1976 in its announcement of guidelines for assessing cancer risk (EPA, 1976; Albert

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Current Views of the Biology of Cancerh to improve this process, it is useful to discuss carcinogenesis with an emphasis on mechanism. Although the mecha nism of action of no carcinogen is completely characterized, the efforts over the last ten years have been very fruitful, and mechanistic explanations of a number of components in the

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Use of Animal Bioassay Data in Carcinogen Risk Assessmentsk characterization (National Research Council, 1983). Animal bioassays are fundamental in furnishing information directly relevant to the first two of these factors, identification of the hazard and dose-response assessment.

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