Titlebook: Atomic Physics for Everyone; An Introduction to A Will Raven Textbook‘‘‘‘‘‘‘‘ 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2025 Int

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Saturated Absorption Spectroscopyfiles from spectroscopic signals. We will learn how saturated absorption spectroscopy works, including the roles of probe and pump beams, and the resulting spectral features. Additionally, we will examine the artifacts, specifically crossover features (. , ., and . crossovers), that may appear due t

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Angular Momentume role of quantum numbers, and their impact on atomic states. We will learn about the different types of angular momentum, the states representing these types of angular momentum, and how angular momenta are added together in quantum mechanics. The chapter also examines the compatibility of differen

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Electronic Structure and Atomic Notationxamining energy level spacings across various elements, highlighting how the number of electrons influences the complexity of these levels. The Coulomb interaction and electron shell filling patterns are introduced as key factors determining atomic state energies. Through detailed discussions on ele

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Hyperfine Structurework, including key equations for calculating hyperfine energy shifts, and apply this knowledge through practical examples involving cesium, europium, and oxygen. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of hyperfine structure and its significance in atomic physics.

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Isotope Shifts, Radioactive Decay, and the Nuclear Forcesoms. We begin by examining the effect of neutrons on transition frequencies, then shift into detailed discussions of the nuclear forces and principles governing atomic stability and radioactive decay. Various modes of radioactive decay, including neutron and proton emission, . decay, spontaneous fis

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The Standard Model of Particle Physicshrödinger equation and the necessity of quantum field theory, introducing key concepts like antimatter, vacuum fluctuations, and Feynman diagrams. The chapter details the fundamental particles and forces in the Standard Model and highlights unresolved questions, such as dark matter, dark energy, and