Titlebook: Atherosclerosis; Methods and Protocol Dipak Ramji Book 2022 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Spr

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Monocyte Adhesion Assays for Detecting Endothelial Cell Activation in Vascular Inflammation and Athes in vitro and measures EC activation. We describe in this chapter a monocyte adhesion assay based on two published papers from our laboratory that can be effectively used in studying the mechanisms of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in EC activation. Endothelial cell monolayers are cultur

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Chick Embryo Ex Vivo Aortic Sprouting Assays for Cardiovascular Researchan be replicated in vitro under chemically specified conditions by cultivating chick aortic explants in biomatrices. In this technique, angiogenesis is powered by endogenous molecules that the aorta releases to promote its outgrowth. In an ordered series of morphogenetic events, sprouting endothelia

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Purification and Analysis of Circulating Lipid Particles particles provide essential lipids and fats which enable cells to synthesize new membranes and regulate different biochemical pathways. Imbalance in lipid particle metabolism can cause pathological states such as atherosclerosis. Here, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) accumulation leads to fa

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Monitoring the Anisotropy and Fluidity of the HDL Monolayer as Surrogates of HDL Functionalityis considered as a surrogate of HDL functionality. In particular, the more fluid the HDL monolayer is, the greater the cholesterol efflux (ChE) is observed. Fluidity depends on cholesterol and on the saturation and length of the fatty acids present in lipid layers. Specifically, low cholesterol and

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Assessment of Ex Vivo Antioxidative Potential of Murine HDL in Atherosclerosisinciple of the method is based on the rearrangement of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids that occurs during the oxidation of human LDL, which generates a sigmoidal curve. The shape and length of the curve is modified in the presence of HDL, and such modifications are easily quantifiable by

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