Titlebook: Arterial and Venous Systems in Essential Hypertension; M. E. Safar,G. M. London,Y. A. Weiss Book 1987 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrec

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Cardiac mechanoreceptors in hypertensionlation of sympathetic nerve activity, renin release and vasopressin secretion, several investigators have evaluated the possibility that these receptors might be involved in the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension.

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Venous compliance in essential hypertensiontionship between intravascular volume and pressure defines vascular compliance, which reflects the inherent elasticity of the vascular system [1, 2]. Changes in vascular. compliance are of primary importance in the control of cardiovascular function and extracellular fluid volume regulation [1, 2, 3].

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Renal circulation in essential hypertensionargets of the hypertensive disease and renal abnormalities which have been observed in essential hypertension often seem to be a consequence of the disease rather than its cause. However, it is conceivable that such abnormalities may contribute not only to the maintenance of hypertension, but also to progression of the disease.

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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0545-1s considerably affected not only by the duration, frequency and intensity of imposed physical training but also by trophic influences, as shown by the effects of anabolic steroids when abused in modern athletics. It is also well known that relative inactivity soon leads to regression of muscle hypertrophy and, when severe, even to atrophy.