Titlebook: Army, State and Society in Italy, 1870–1915; John Gooch Book 1989 John Gooch 1989 army.Italy.society

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Manisha Karia,Hanoku Bathula,Malcolm Abbott the army found itself once again in action in a major war overseas after fifteen years of domestic pre-occupation. Paradoxically, that war ended in success but revealed all Italy’s military deficiencies.

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New Frontiers of Educational Researchl alteration. After 1866 it had a four-fold mission: to oversee external defence, fight oversea wars, foster . and support the civil power. Three of those roles were new; the fourth, a traditional task, had to be carried out in novel social and political circumstances.

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The Army and the Risorgimento, Soon the wars of the Risorgimento became encrusted with legends of the fiery military patriotism of Victor Emmanuel II and of the virtues of the Piedmontese Army. ‘The Piedmontese’, wrote Emilio De Bono, later one of the Mussolini’s marshals, ‘were soldiers from their heads to the tips of their toe

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A Policy for Defence, when war broke out between France and Prussia. The king and some of his more conservative generals were certain that France would win and wanted to intervene on her side to extract Rome from a grateful neighbour. The early battles indicated that things might not work out as they supposed; then, on

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Entering the Triple Alliance,de, they saw their overriding strategic task as providing Italy with adequate military security in the face of threats from both Austria-Hungary and France. Either power could launch a seaborne invasion of Italy, and both high command and public were acutely alert to this danger. As far as land fron

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Crispi at the Helm,red as somewhat “wild” in his ideas of foreign policy, at all events as compared with the Foreign Ministers of European states with whom he has to deal’.. Italy’s foreign policy, which he conducted as minister of foreign affairs until the fall of his second ministry in 1891, was shaped by adventuris

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Redressing the Balance, the same sense of strategic vulnerability which had underlain defence plans since unification continued to impose severe constraints on military choice. Internally, last-minute reforms corrected some of the problems which collectively undermined the professionalism of the officer corps. Externally,