Titlebook: An Economic History of Twentieth-Century Latin America; Volume 3: Industrial Enrique Cárdenas (Professor of Economics and Recto Book 2000 P

整理

ECLA and the Theory of Import Substituting Industrialization in Latin America, Nonetheless, the effectiveness of this process as a basis for sustainable output growth, rising living standards and social modernization is still strongly contested. The critique of ISI is thus not only a question of understanding a particular period of economic history, it is also a matter of eva

积习难改

The Influence of International Financial Institutions on ISI,roles played by the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) over the period from the creation of the Bretton Woods institutions in 1944 to the second oil crisis in 1979. These institutions were minor players in the region during the 1950s, but

CESS

,The Industrialization of Chile during Protectionism, 1940–82,trialization is understood in the broadest sense, including industrial development as well as institutional modernization and social transformation. During the four decades which elapsed from the beginning of the 1940s, the Chilean economy completed a cycle of its economic development and began a ne

丰满中国

Gobble

Gorilla

Bureaucracy

单调女

,Import-Substituting Industrialization in Argentina, 1940–80: Its Achievements and Shortcomings,ertaken under the influence of conventional import-substitution policies and tariff protection. Studies carried out by Villanueva (1972), Schvarzer (1996) and other Argentine scholars show that the industrial expansion of the period 1930–44 (Table 10.1) was by no means a major departure from previou

falsehood

,Import Substitution, Economic Integration and the Development of Central America, 1950–80,n Central America’s history.. We can reflect on how to interpret this difficulty with the help of Albert Hirschman. Observing the same difficulty with recognizing change in Latin America, Hirschman identified various reasons which might explain it (Hirschman 1987, pp. 7–36).

Flat-Feet

Beantwortung der Forschungsfragetate as the central agent of social organization, coordinating and directing individual economic relations. The second approach, on the other hand, favours unhindered free trade and sees . as the most suitable way of achieving the optimum allocation of available resources.