Titlebook: Why Fiscal Stimulus Programs Fail, Volume 2; Statistical Tests Co John J. Heim Book 2021 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), u

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Methodologyess spending, and whether accommodate monetary policy or endogenous loanable funds growth can offset the problem. Standard methods are used to avail stationarity, endogeneity, heteroscedasticity, and multicollinearity problems. All initial findings for a model tested in one period of time are retest

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Does Crowd Out Really Occur? Initial Empirical Evidence—One Time Period is taken to ensure all other variables likely to cause fluctuations in consumption and investment are controlled for. One sample period is tested, 1960–2010. The tests confirm deficits cause crowd out of consumer and investment spending, thereby offsetting the stimulative effects of deficits.

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Initial Tests of Whether Crowd Out Can Be Offset by Increases in Loanable Fundssed Federal Reserve purchases of securities from banks in the open market for the purpose of increasing their loanable funds so as to provide banks with the additional liquidity necessary to offset crowd out. The tests indicate crowd out effects can be offset this way, allowing the stimulative effec

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Do Loanable Funds Modify the Crowd Out Effects of the Two-Variable Deficit (,), (,)?ut and spending increase deficits. Results generally indicate that both types of deficits lead to crowd out, but spending deficits more so, since part of tax cuts typically is saved, offsetting crowd out. The difficulty of getting good estimates of crowd out effects when using sample periods that mi

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